What Camera Was Did Hine Used During The Child Labor
The Industrial Revolution brought not only new chore opportunities but new laborers to the workforce: children. Past 1900, at to the lowest degree half-dozen percent of all American workers were nether the age of 16.
Poster for the National Child Labor Commission, circa 1913. (Credit: Universal History Archive / UIG / Getty Images)
For employers of the era, children were seen as appealing workers since they could be hired for jobs that required picayune skill for lower wages than an adult would command. Their smaller size also allowed them to do certain jobs adults couldn't, and they were viewed equally like shooting fish in a barrel to manage.
In 1904, the National Kid Labor Committee formed in the hopes of ending the horrors of child labor. Teams of investigators were sent to collect prove of the harsh conditions children were working in. Ane of these investigators was the photographer Lewis Hine, who traveled beyond the state coming together and photographing children working in a diversity of industries.
Lewis Hine quit his job as a New York City school teacher to bring together the National Child Labor Committee. His goal was to open the public'south optics to the exploitative nature of children'south employment, and to assist ignite legislative alter to cease these abusive practices. Although the furnishings weren't firsthand, the bloodcurdling scenes he captured with his camera succeeded in drawing attention to the plight of children in the workforce.
By 1910, the number of children working had grown from one.5 million in 1890 to two million. Congress tried to address the outcome in 1916, by passing the Keating-Owns Act that set tighter standards on children's employment requirements. The police stated that children fourteen years or younger could non work in factories, children xvi years or younger could not piece of work in mines, and a piece of work day could not exceed viii hours, start earlier than 6 a.m. or end after than seven p.thousand. Although initially promising, the restrictions would not last long: just a couple of years later, the act was deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Courtroom.
Information technology wasn't until the Great Depression that political views on kid labor began to alter. The piece of work of Hines and the National Kid Labor Committee helped conductor in reforms such equally the National Industrial Recovery Act and the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 during the New Deal era. These laws reduced the number of children in the workforce and for the offset time set a national minimum wage and maximum hour standards.
Below, accept a look at the shocking Lewis Hine photographs that helped America finally have action to crack down on kid labor, now a office of the U.S. National Archives collection:
Lewis Hine/The U.S. National Athenaeum
A young shrimp picker named Manuel, 1912.
Lewis Hine/The U.Southward. National Archives
In Dunbar, Louisiana, Hine met an 8-year-old oyster shucker named Rosy. He discovered she worked steadily from 3 a.yard. to 5 p.m., and she told him that the baby of the family will start shucking every bit soon every bit she hold the knife. March 1911.
Lewis Hine/The U.S. National Archives
Eight-year-old Jennie Camillo lived near Philadelphia and for the summer worked picking cranberries at Theodore Budd'southward Bog in New Jersey, September 1910.
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Lewis Hine/The U.Southward. National Athenaeum
These boys are all cutters in a canning visitor. August 1911.
Lewis Hine/The U.South. National Archives
9-year-old Minnie Thomas showed off the boilerplate size of the sardine knife she works with. She earns $2 a twenty-four hour period in the packing room, oft working decorated belatedly nights. August 1911.
Lewis Hine/The U.S. National Archives
This young worker, Hiram Pulk age 9, likewise worked in a canning company. He told Hine, "I ain't very fast only about five boxes a day. They pay nigh 5 cents a box." August 1911.
Lewis Hine/The U.S. National Archives
Ralph, a young cutter in the canning mill, was photographed with a badly cutting finger. Lewis Hine found several children here that had cutting fingers, and even the adults said they could not assistance cutting themselves on the task. Eastport, Maine, August 1911.
Lewis Hine/The U.S. National Archives
Many children worked at mills. These boys hither at the Bibb Manufacturing plant in Macon, Georgia, were so small they had to climb the spinning frame only to mend the broken threads and put back the empty bobbins. January 1909.
Lewis Hine/The U.S. National Archives
Young boys working in the coal mines were oft referred to as Billow Boys. This large group of children worked for the Ewen Billow in Pittston, Pennsylvania, January 1911.
Lewis Hine/The U.South. National Archives
Hine fabricated a note about this family reading "Everybody works but… A common scene in the tenements. Male parent sits effectually." The family informed him that with all the work they do together, they make $4 a calendar week working until ix p.chiliad. each night. New York City, December 1911.
Lewis Hine/The U.Southward. National Archives
These boys were seen at 9 at night, working in an Indiana Glass Works factory, August 1908.
Lewis Hine/The U.S. National Athenaeum
Vii-year-old Tommie Nooman worked belatedly nights in a article of clothing store on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington D.C. Subsequently 9 p.m., he would demonstrate the ideal necktie form. His begetter told Hine that he is the youngest demonstrator in America, and has been doing information technology for years from San Francisco to New York, staying at a place about a month at a time. April 1911.
Lewis Hine/The U.South. National Archives
Katie, age 13, and Angeline, age 11, hand-sew Irish lace to make cuffs. Their income is near $1 a calendar week while working some nights as late as 8 p.m. New York City, Jan 1912.
Lewis Hine/The U.S. National Archives
Many newsies stayed out late at night to effort and sell their extras. The youngest male child in this group is 9 years-onetime. Washington, D.C. Apr 1912.
Source: https://www.history.com/news/child-labor-lewis-hine-photos
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